Vascular Smooth Muscle
نویسندگان
چکیده
In 1653, the English physician William Harvey published the first comprehensive study of blood vessels, De Motu Cordis.1 This classic treatise delineated the directions of blood flow, differences between veins and arteries, functions of venous ''valves,' and anatomy of the systemic and pulmonary circulations. By the 19th century, the major layers constituting blood vessels were identified and often described in the analysis of pathological specimens, such as aneurysms.2 However, it has been only during the past 20 years that specific biochemical mechanisms modulating contractile protein interaction in vascular smooth muscle have been described and characterized both in vitro and in living muscle. Even more recently, the endothelium has been identified as an important endocrine modulator of vascular reactivity and growth. Simultaneously, converging disciplines involving molecular and cellular biology, as well as clinical studies of atherosclerosis, have brought to bear both increased attention and research on blood vessels. This increased interest and activity virtually ensure that the next decade of research will more fully explore the integrated function of the cells that compose the blood vessel; it is pathology of the vascular wall that leads to the constellation of problems that constitute ischemic heart disease. This review focuses on the myogenic component of blood vessels: vascular smooth muscle. Particular emphasis is given to molecular mechanisms that regulate contractile properties of this tissue.
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